What is the main difference between rods and cones in the human eye?

The main difference between rods and cones in the human eye lies in their function and sensitivity to light. Rods are specialized photoreceptor cells that are highly sensitive to low light conditions, allowing us to see in dim lighting. They do not detect color; instead, they provide peripheral vision and help with night vision.

On the other hand, cones are responsible for color vision and function best in bright light. They allow us to perceive different wavelengths of light, which correspond to different colors. Cones are concentrated in the central part of the retina, known as the fovea, where visual acuity is highest.

Given this information, the correct answer emphasizes the role that rods play in low-light vision and how cones are essential for detecting colors, highlighting their distinct functions within the visual system.